Dfl 508 
.flS B7 
Copy 1 



HE sl'XTDENT 



OF, 

juNjrs 

aud 
TACIT VS. 



LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 

nmiiiiiii 

020 661 496 1 % 



[']!U'K, 



Lemuel Bonlen, priiLit^HE]}, Wuodstock, Yii, 



JUNIUS. 



Sir riiilip Fiam-is is suiiposed by mauy to liave tlie Lest elaim to the aiitlidi-sliip ofTlie 
Letters of .irxius,\\ liir'i ajjpi'ai'ed iu a Loudon iiewspjiiei- — The I'liijlie A(l\eiiiser. The 
letters are ! I ill iiiiin i :■, .-;;l-n 15 signed Pliilo Junius. — 7:; letlirs i.n liiisiii.'s^.\<,. aiid in ad- 
dition, ll.'i letters un.lcr \:in(ius signatures. The tirst ol' Sli(sr lei (.'is was ;i:iMislird danuarv 
L'l, 17«», and tlie lis; ow (.1' them, beariiiy a date, is dalrd .laimaiA I'l, 177-.'. 'J'he st.vle of 
.lunius is of the li;;;l.fst rlass. Sometimes lie rises into the loliiist elo<|ue):ce. J he writiugs 
iiiMunius are reiiKiikiiMi' for closeness of arguiiicnt. Icli(it\- nf illnstratiou. and allusion, and 
l.riliiaiitepigr.ini. .1 iiiiins singled out tla-'le.idiiig ai.-inl.ers ofthe English ministry, boldly 
d.-nouiii^eil their i:ie iii ;eiie\ aiijl exiiosed tjie eiiines vii^l riiIlics-at'J;lieir4uiv4d:<M4>imfete«S7--^ 
The loUowing ( \::,iets are from an edition ]>iil li-1 ed in 18o0, and they are seleeted as 
tiiey oeeur, tVuiii the Weiiiniiing to the end of the volumes. 

The suhuiissji.i of a free people to the executive authority of govei'iiineut, is no more 
tiian a compliance w ith 1 iws which they themselves Iiax'c enacted. 

Tiie inire and iiniartial administration of jusriee i-, perhaps, the firmest bond to secure 
a. ehaerful snbuiissio.i of the people, and to engage their aileetions to government.— I'ludcnee 
and seli'-preservation will oblige the most moderate d s|i()sitions to malce coiiimon cause with 
a mail whose conduct they censure, if they see Lini per-ecuted iua way which the real spirit 
of the 1 iws will not justify. 

Tiie style and Lmguage yon have adopted are, I confess, not ill-snited tothe cleg.iuce 
ot your own m luuer-;, or to the dignity of the cause you have undertaken. Everycommon 
(1 iu'.K'r writes rase.d ;!iid villain under his pictures, Pecaiise the ])ietnres Miemsel\"es ha\c 
n either character iin. resemblance. But the work's el' a m.isler ie(|uire no indix: his lealun's 
a i;l c ihiring are l.TKea troiii nature; the impression the.\' make is immediate and iiiiilbrni; ik.h 
i; it'iosdblcto niiu.ik,' his characters, whether they represent the treachery of a ministei-. 
o: ta.' abused simpl ,-iiy of a JU.Ml'H. 

.IS you lii'c line minister by accideiiit, were adojited without chaier. i rusted without 

e ma lence, and coarinued without favor, be assured, that v> heiie\er an eeeascii presses, you 
will he discarded wit loiit even the forms of iiegret.-' The h-aiiu'd ibillness oi deelamation will 
iiesile.it; anil even t.ie venal muse, though bapjiiest in lid ion. will lor,i,et \'<\\v \irtues. Yei 
I.).- the benefit of tC sueeeeding age, I could wish that your rerreat might lie tieterrcd until 
xouriiDrals shall h.i.eiily be liirened to that uiatiirity of i oiruption, at which the worst e.xam 
[ile.5 ce.ise to be coii.aguiU'. 

Tiie form and magnitude of a (p. a. -to i|iii;'.oses ii.ieii the mind; and iiieii. whoaie nnecpia. 
t ) tae l.d)or of disLaissing an intricate arguirieiit, (■•■ wi-h to ; void it, are willing enough te 
supi)osc tint. much has been proved, because, much has 1 een said. 3iine, 1 eontess, aie humblt 
labors. I do not presume to instruct the learned, but siiiijily to in;brui the bod\ of the [coide: 
and I prefer that channel of conveyance \yhich is likely to sjiread fa.rtlus! among them. The 
advoc.ites of the ministry .seem to me to write for bime, and totlat:er t hem.-elves, that tin 
size of their works will make them immortal. They pile up reluctant (jiiarto n|ion .solid folie. 
as if their labors, becan.se they are gigantic, , coukl contend with truth and heaven. 

Now, sir, let sophistry evade, let false'hood assert, and impudence deny; here stand- 
the precedent: a Liuduiark to direct us thronj^h a troubled sea of coutrover.sy. eoii.si)icuoiis 
and uureiuoved. 

Profession; of patriotism are becoine stale and ridiculous. Formy own part, I claim 
n ) m.-rit from ei le.ivoring,to do a service tojmy fellow .subjects. I have done it to the besi 
of my uuderstandii'g; and, without looking for the approbation of other men. my conscietu e 
is satisfied. . ' * 



hi\ 



Tae tiiiieisi- ) II • wlieu the body of th'. E'aglishpeo])le im;", assert t'l ■■!• nwa cauf 



■fcious of their sriL^aglli, and auimated b , 



sense of their d ity, they \viH .i >" surrender 



tiii-ir birthrislit tD ministers, parliameiits, or kiags. 

We can uev^M- l>e really in danger, until the forms of parliament are mil? use of to de- 
■^iroythe substanc,' of our civd and political li»erties; until parliament itself betrays its 
n-ust, by coutributiii;,' to establish new principles of government, and employing the very 
"■"■apoas committed to it by the collective body to stab the constitution. 

Whatever style of contempt may be adopted by ministers or parliaments, no man siu- 
'•'•rely despises the voice of the BngHsh nation. The house of commons are only interpreters, 
whose duty it is to convey the sense of the people faithfully to the crown. If the interpreta- 
rioQ be false or imperfect, the constituent powers are called upon to deliver tlieir own senti- 
ments. Their speech is rude, but intelligible; their gestures fierce, but full of exi)ressiou. 
i'erplexed by sophistries, their honest eloquence rises into action. Their first apjieal was to 
' lie integrity of their representatives; their second, to the king's justice. The last arguuiput 
'•f the i>eopie, whenever they have recourse to it, will carry more perhaps, than persuasion 
fo parliament, or supplication to the throne. 

No man regards an erui)tiou upon tlie surface, when lie feels a mortification ai>proach- 
i'lirto his heart. The free election of our representatives in parliament comprehends, be- 
'•ause it is, the source and security of every riglit and priviieae of the English nation. The 
ministry have realized the compendious ideas of Caligula. They know that the liberty, the 
I iws, and properry of an E i;li^hman, have, in truth, but one neck, and to violate the freedom 
"f election; strikes dee)i!y at them all. ' 

To write for ))rofif withouf tivxiiv^ the press; to write for fame and be unknown; to sup- 
port the intrigues (if fu-*^i()n. nwd to be disowned as a dangerous auxiliary by every i)arty 
in the kingdom, ;, re coiitiadictioui which the minister must reconcile before I forfeit my 
iredit with the public. 

The government of England is a government of law. We betray ourselves, we con- 
-trrwftct-tiiesiririrnl^oTrrlTVw^, nttfVwii «lHvke^4he> whsterWfstfeHvef BHgUst jurisprudence, when- 
ever we entrust a discretionary ]iower over the life, liberty and property ol the subject, to 
any man, or set of ni-n, whatsoever. ni)on a ])re.-.umption that it will not be abused. 

Private vices, liowever detestable, have nojt digm'ty sufficient to attract the censure of 
ilie press, unless 1 1 ley aie united with the powei- of doing some signal mischief to the coni- 
unnity.^N If any coiirse expressions liave escaped me. I am ready to agree that they are 
unfit for Junius to make use of; but I see no reasbn to admit that they have been improperly 
■MipUed. 

But is there no honorable way to serve the public, without engaging in personal quar- 
rels with insignificant individuals, or submitting to the drudgery of canvassing votes for an 
election? Is there no merit in dedicating my Hie to the information of my fellow-subjects? 

With these lioiiorable qualifications, and the deci^iive advantage of situation, low craft 
and falsehood are all the abilities tliat are wanting to destroy the wisdom of ages, and to 
deface the noblest monument that human poHcy has erected. I know f<iirh a man; my lord, 
I know you both; and, with the blessing of God [for I, too, am religious] the iieople of Eng 
land shall know you as well as I do.^^ From whatever origin your influence in this country 
arise-i, it is a phenomenon in the history of liuman virtue and understanding. Good men can 
hardly believi' the fact; wise men are unable to account for it; religious men find exercise for 
their faith, and make it the last effort of their piety not to repine against Providence. 

The man wlio fairly and completely answjers this argument shall have my thanks and 
my applause. My heart is already with him. I am ready to be converted. I admire his 
morality, and would gladly subscribe to the alrticles of his faith. Grateful, as I am, to the 
f/ood iJf'n!^ whose bounty has imparted to me this reasoning intellect, whatever it is, I hold 
myself proportirmably indebted to him from whose enlightened understanding another ray 
of knowledge com uuiuicates to mine. But neither should I think the most exalted faculties 
of the human mind a gift worthy of the DiAinity, nor any assistance in the improvement of 
them a subject of gratitude to my fellow-creature, if I were not satisfied, that, really, to in- 
form the understanding, corrects and enlarges the heart. 

TACITUS. 

Tacitus is one of the greatest of historians. In love of truth and integrity of purpose, 
he is equaled by few; in conciseness of phrase i,nd power of saying much and implying more, 
in one or two strokes of expression, he is rivated by none. Tacitus has shown a fi-autic peo- 
ple, under the Pretorian bauds and German Idgions, fighting for anarchy, not for civil gov- 






rnincMif. A ijrofouiul jutlj;X' of men ami a we-\OTc censor of maimers. iVcihis has deliueatecl 
lie c;i-.u\i(?torK ami inward fiameof the vile iuul jjrofiigate, as well as the recomjicnse of the. 
vir^^oIls which ttic li'Hxl ami ui)ri.i;lit receirc. lie pvououiiciM seuteuces against bad men 
;\iii'l evil iU'i' !s, wifh Ihc tiniiii'.'ss of an iipriji-ht iinij,' w-.i )'..:< ti-'vilthe virtne wliich, he com- 
m'l'iids Ta Mfu"^ had :! thonmgh kiti)\vlrd-(" of ail IIj!' i.i'iii>-> oi ;;. \ cinmeut then in tjie world; 
hi" wa^ v.'rsi'd i'l civil nlt'airs; he knew the policy ..i ^, ale- Im;m and he read men a.H.well as 
IxM.k's. Taciru^. in liis lii,>f(iry. jnd,i;-("s t lie aclii.ns (.!' lacii. ilaiilc wcrtliy and i;oM may 
mL>cr''wi,li' the li'ward ducto ^inincnt virtne, and that iicrnicioi 

cD'.idcinnatimi whii h waits .m cvd deeds al tia' li-luiii , 

\>;xu.S.— Tlie lirsl torai of Sdvernmenl thai picxadial 

id tlie eonsnlsini) were esi atdisiied by iaiciiis ,ii;i!i,is r.iuins. 1 )i,t.i!.irs w ere created 
o-i'vin sudden ennn-eiieies. Tiie jnrisdictioii eillie (l: ,. aiviv. did not cxt.iid lnyoml two 
Vear^- -nid the eousidar artliorisv of the military tril.i:ia>s mi.mi exiaied. Mltvu the spirit of 
•ul'ilitioii "ivw eMidemie. the di-niiv of the historic eliara.cl e;- \v.:s l;st. I.'oinaii ivpilbHc- 
■uiism <■!■. led wit!.' llnitas and Cassii-.s. The partisau^oi .!i:liiis Ca'sar h i<i n . leader Imt-Oc- 
tavins 'xho laid a aile tlie inviiiions titk^ of triminir, e lateiii \v,th ilie nioic |;oiiiilar name 
oV eon's-! aad with i :,e trihunitian power, whi<'li lie proies,-:il to asMiaie lor ! he protection 
'„r ilie iv,V>-i!e. Ill a little time, when he had alhnvd t.i Ids iidcresr the sold.iery h.\ a profnsiou 
oflarw ise^. and the i.eojile by a distribiiti..] 

drew into hi^ liands the authoiity of tlie seinie. W-.- laa.M ions of t ii.' i 
administration of the hiws. A show otliberty v«m:; ia'ld r::nii, Ian la api 
Tnl and for that reason tendin-to i.hin.uc mankiad la - d; ei:er sei M,i;.le. 

'•To i;T0'.v proud in ofliee is t he irdiire of ina.a;" H-y tin ~ s;i( ci ms ar-iinieiii. delivered 
with re'ml'.lican spirit. Tiberius s; reii-thened the lateie^is of (h'-i-oH-ni.- Tiberius had 
:dl the arts ota suhtl- and. di ^-uis!^i poh-ticiaii. Ilel.ia.v .hat by depris in- the peor'" "' 
the last renin ini ol liiu-riy. tlieir ri-lit to a Voice in tl; 
it in the senate, he couid establiVa his o\mi ab ailii 
verseto the ehiiins of the [leople. saw wiili iileasuic 
and turbulent democracy; never once lei' ctiiiL;' that 



ihia 



deterred 
div. Lib- 



dbv.ttic 
tiblv,- he 
; and tl^e 
ut dei'eit- 



.1 iiia.uiNtrates, and vesting 
Tiie ,-e!iat'.-. at all times, ad 
kuion of a re. I less, factions 
r, iiiisii|)ported by tlie peo- 



.tic 



ins lived 



isti 



.ialic,. to :he wid of 1 

1 spirit -roaiHMl m a-oiiv. 

lat M ick i-eriod. the nio,.t trying grievance, was the degeu'- 

eii in the senate submitted to the drudgery of common iu- 

the f,;ee (-f ila\: and others by clandestine a rtiliees. The 
IS stiiiuglcd, as it were, in a ra'ee,' who should tlvst ruin his 
;eiit a-aiiist the Itoinau state. 

liMif Actiiiui, when to (dose the scene of civil distraction. 
•cndered to a single ruler, the Iiisteiic cdiaracter disappear- 

ilow UiaMaided public libcily. Truth was ;-cduced tothe 
CCS eoiis]iired against her. A new constitnl ion took place, 
Avarh-e accnn'iulated riches. Contentions arose l;etween 
ins tribunes juevailed atone time and amliitioiis consuls 
itv ami c\en in the Ibrum, the sword of ilisconl was drawn 



]ile, couhl make but a ieeble rcsi 
the rack of guilt and his woundei 

Among the calamities of t' 
erate spirit with wliicli the tirst n 
formers: some, witliout a flu h ii 
eantagiou was epidemic. Inforirn 
m in. The wrath of heaven was 1 

IIlSTOrvY.— After the bail 
all power and authority were sur 
ed and genius died by th<' same 
1 ist gasp and various circin 
undetined and little undersi 
the .sen ite and the p.'ojde. 
a' another. In the heart ol 
and those dissensions were 

Tiil-iATIsiC on the SIT 

lil-'inee'tlie'' is 'a'niioiiiiced. Ihe\ iiexaa' assemble at the stated time. Kegnlarity would look 
like obedience. The kiiiu, or c'lii( fof the coiiiiiumity. opens the (hdiale: the rest are heard 
in their liirii, accu'ding to age, md.iliiy of descent, renown in war, or lame for eloquence. 
No man dictates to tlu' ass:embly; he niay persuade, but he cannot command. 

j,;oTK.— IMoiite.squieu says, "The ancient Germans established monarchy and 

liberty; subordination and freedom; the prerogative of the prince and tlie 

rights o[ the subject; all united in so bold a comhination, that the fabric 

in some places stands to this hour, the wunder of mankind. 

Tiie Ibitish Constitution, came out of the woods of Germauv." 



_\. m: 



E (d- C.ERMA:N Y.— Among the 
this inconsequence: when a pub- 
;■. Kegnl 



LIBRPRV Oh i^UNijKcioo 

iiMll. 

020 661 496 1 « 



Life of AGKICOLA.— To trausiuit to posterity the lives and characters of cmiuc it 
'rtcn, was an ofiice frequently perforuied in ancient times. Even in the jiresent age, inuiu i- 
!us ;is it is about its own concerus, t'.ie same gooil custom has prevailed,\vlienever a gnat and 
-iplendid virtue lias been able to .siuiuount those two pernicious vices, which not onh infest 
iiiall comninnitiis. but are likewise the bane of large and flourishing communities: — iusensi 
jility to merit. Oil the oiie liand. and envy, ou the other. — Agricola's ingenuous disposition 
tuarded him against tlie seductions of pleasure. To know the province and make liimself 
•iiiowu to the aniiv; to leani from men of experience and emulate the best examples; to seek 
lo entcrpri.se wi.li a lorward sjurit, and to decline none with timid caution, were the rules he 
'.u<l down to Iiiiii-cH'; prudent with valor and brave withtmt ostentation. By being vigorons 
• 11 action, and laodest iu the report of his exploits, he gained a brilliant reputation, secure 
j'rom the envy l liat attends it. In the council of the province, or on the tribunal of justice, be 
liischarged tiic duties of his station with awful gravity, intent to inquire, often severe, but 
more inclined (<> soften the rigor of the law. The little ainbition of rising above his eolleagnes 
was foreign to liis heart. Agricola was well acqnaintetl with the manners and national 
charaeter of Ilio Britons; he knew that eonquei^t. while it loads the vanquished with injury 
and oiipressioii. can never be secure and permanent. 

DIALOG L F. on OllATOEY.-^ If it be wisdom to make the ornament and happiness 
of lifip, the end and aim of our actions, what can be more advisable than to embrace an art. 
by which we an- enabled to protect our friends; to defend the cause of strangers, and succor 
the distressed^ Xor is this all: the eminent orator is a terror to his enemies; envy and mal- 
ice tremble wliile they hate him. Secure in lis own strength, he knows how to ward off" 
e. very danger, liis own genius is his protection; a perpetual guard that watches him; an 
invincible power that shields him from his enemies. When the orator, upon some great 
occasion, conns with a well digested speech, (oiiscious of its matter, and animated by his 
subject, his lucist expands and heaves with emotions, unfelt before. In his joy there is a 
dignity suited ic the weight and energy of the composition he has iirepared. Does he rise 
to hazard hini.M If in a suden debate? lie is alarmed for himself, but in that very alarm, 
there is a mixture of pleasure, wliicli prcduniiiiates until distress itself becomes deUghtful. 
Tlie mind exulls in the jirompt exertion of its jiowers, and even glories in its rashness. The 
productions of -cuius and those of the held have this resemblance: many things are sown and 
brought to maturity with toil and care: yet that which grows I'rom the wild vigor of nature 

has the most grateful flavor. In my humble station, I find that innocence is a better 

shield than ora lory. To me, woods, groves and solitary ])laces, afiford sensations of purest 
delight. It is there I enjoy the pleasures of a jioetic imagination: and among those pleasures 
it is not the least, that they are pursued far from the noise and bustle of the world, without 
a client to besiege my doors, and not a criminal to distress me with the tears of affliction. 
Free from those distractions, the poet retires to scenes of solitude, where peace and innocence 
reside. In those haunts of contemplation, he has pleasing visions. He treads on consecra- 
ted ground. It was there eloquence first grew up and there she reared her temple. In 
those retreats she first adorned herself with those graces which have made mankind enam- 
oi'ed other charms; and there she filled the hearts ol' the wise and good with joy and in- 
spiration. Eloquent orators agree in this, that their eloquence is manly, sound and 

vigorous. lie ahme deserves the name of an orator, who can speak in a copious style, with 
ease or dignity, as the suhject requires; who can find language to decorate his argument; who 
through the passions can command the understanding; and while he serves mankind, knows 
how to delight the judgment and imagination of his audience. The true spirit of genuine 
eloquence, hke an intense fire, is kejit ahve hy fresh materials: every new conimotion gives 
it vigor, and in proportion as it burns, it expands ami brightens to a purer flame. Tempes- 
tuous times called forth the genius of our ancestors. It is war that pi educes the soldier 
and the great commander. It is the same with eloquence. The oltcner slie is obligid to 
take the field, and the more formidable her adversaries, the more she rises in pcmp and 
grandeur ami returns from the warfare of tjhe forum, crowned with unfading laurels. 

The Teibitne of The People ib published 4 times in a year and is devoted to 
Agriculture, Mapulactures and Education^ price, 10 cents per year— 4 numbers, issued in 
March, June, September and December. Price of the first, second, third and fourth numbers 
of the Tribune, 5 cents for each number. These 4 numbers, the STUDENT < i rLUTAllCH 
and MACAULAY [all, same size, &c., as this paper], and THE STUi )1:M' «.; ./(.-/-/.n and 
Tacitus, will be .sent post-paid to auv addref|s ou receipt of 2.5 cents. 

•,'> , Lemuel Borden, PUBLISHER; Woodstock [or ;,. Va 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ♦ 



iiiii'iimii 

020 661 



496 1 



Hollinger Corp. 
pH8.5 



